DOMAIN 3: Pollens and Allergenicity

Paper mulberry, parthenium hysterophorus, cannabis sativa, Phleum pratense, Pinus and several other plants have allergenic pollens. Exposure to these allergenic pollen induce pollen allergies in susceptible human populations. Furthermore, climate change is bringing gradual change in pollination season. Pollination start and end dates are shifting from their normal. From pollen season dataset (2008-2023) analysis, we found shift in paper mulberry pollen season start and end dates.

DOMAIN 4: SPORES AND POLLEN AERBIOLOGY STUDIES



Polination and sporulation release pollen in the atmosphere that remains at several heights and are transmitted to different locations. From pollen sampling we identified several allergenic pollen and spores. Identified allergenic pollen and spores are paper mulberry, Phleum pratense, Parthenium hysterophorus, cannabis sativa, Chenopodium, Pinus and Alternaria alternata.

DOMAIN 5: Pollen Virome



Pollen grains, essential for plant reproduction, also carry a diverse range of viruses, termed the "Pollen Virome." This virome includes plant-specific and other viral entities transmitted through pollinators, environmental factors, or interactions with organisms, including humans. Understanding the pollen virome is critical for its implications on plant health, public health, and ecosystems. Research focuses on standardized pollen sampling, morphological analysis, RNA extraction optimization, and PCR/Metagenomic sequencing to identify and characterize viruses. Climate change exacerbates pollen production and allergenicity, increasing the risk of viral transmission. For instance, elevated CO₂ levels have been shown to boost allergenic pollen production significantly. Future studies aim to uncover viral pathogens, assess transmission mechanisms, and develop strategies to mitigate impacts on agriculture, health, and ecological balance, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of pollen-borne viruses.